|
Germany's renewable energy sector is among the most innovative and successful worldwide. Net-generation from renewable energy sources in the German electricity sector has increased from 6.3% in 2000 to about 30% in 2014.〔Winter, Caroline: ("Germany Reaches New Levels of Greendom, Gets 31 Percent of Its Electricity From Renewables" ), in Business Week, 14 August 2014〕 For the first time ever, wind, biogas, and solar combined accounted for a larger portion of net electricity production than brown coal.〔 〕 While peak-generation from combined wind and solar reached a new all-time high of 74% in April 2014,〔thinkprogress.org, (Sets New Record, Generating 74 Percent Of Power Needs From Renewable Energy ), 13 May 2014〕 wind power saw its best day ever on December 12, 2014, generating 562 GWh.〔RenewEconomy.com.au, Craig Morris, (New wind power generation record in Germany ), 16 December 2014〕 Germany has been called "the world's first major renewable energy economy".〔(Germany: The World's First Major Renewable Energy Economy )〕〔Fraunhofer ISE, (Electricity production from solar and wind in Germany – New record in wind power production ), p.2, 15 December 2014〕 More than 23,000 wind turbines and 1.4 million solar PV systems are distributed all over the country's area of 357,000 square kilometers.〔http://www.wind-energie.de, (Number of Wind Turbines in Germany ), 2012〕〔Fraunhofer ISE (Recent Facts about Photovoltaics in Germany, p.5 ), 16 October 2014〕 As of 2011, Germany's federal government is working on a new plan for increasing renewable energy commercialization, with a particular focus on offshore wind farms. A major challenge is the development of sufficient network capacities for transmitting the power generated in the North Sea to the large industrial consumers in southern parts of the country.〔The Wall Street Journal Online, 24 April 2012〕 According to official figures, some 370,000 people were employed in the renewable energy sector in 2010, especially in small and medium-sized companies. This is an increase of around 8% compared to 2009 (around 339,500 jobs), and well over twice the number of jobs in 2004 (160,500). About two-thirds of these jobs are attributed to the Renewable Energy Sources Act〔(Renewable Energy Sources in Figures - National and International Development )〕〔(Germany Leads Way on Renewables, Sets 45% Target by 2030 )〕 Germany's energy transition, the ''Energiewende'', designates a significant change in energy policy from 2011. The term encompasses a reorientation of policy from demand to supply and a shift from centralized to distributed generation (for example, producing heat and power in very small cogeneration units), which should replace overproduction and avoidable energy consumption with energy-saving measures and increased efficiency. == Targets == Since the passage of the Directive on Electricity Production from Renewable Energy Sources in 1997, Germany and the other states of the European Union have been working towards a target of 12% renewable electricity by 2010. Germany passed this target early in 2007, when the renewable energy share in electricity consumption in Germany reached 14%.〔(Share in electricity supply has gone up to 14 per cent )〕 In September 2010, the German government announced the following new ambitious energy targets:〔(The Federal Government's energy concept of 2010 and the transformation of the energy system of 2011 ) p. 5〕 After the 2013 elections, the new CDU/CSU and SPD coalition government continued the energy transition, with only minor modifications of its targets in the coalition agreement.〔German Energy Blog (''Overview CDU/CSU and SPD Present Coalition Agreement – 55% to 60% Renewables by 2035 and More'' )〕 * Renewable national electricity—40 to 45% by 2025, 55 to 60% by 2035, and 80% by 2050〔German Energy Blog (''Overview Renewable Energy Sources Act'' )〕 * Renewable national energy—18% by 2020, 30% by 2030, and 60% by 2050 * Energy efficiency: * * Energy consumption—reduction of 20% from 2008 level by 2020, and 50% less by 2050 * * Electricity consumption—reduction of 10% from 2008 level by 2020, and 25% less by 2050 The German Government reported, in 2011, renewable energy (mainly wind turbines and biomass plants) generated more than 123 terawatt-hours (TWh) of electricity, providing nearly 20% of the 603 TWh of electricity supplied.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Development of Renewable Energy Sources in 2011 )〕 In 2012, all renewable energy accounted for 21.9% of electricity, with wind turbines and photovoltaic providing 11.9% of the total. Chancellor Angela Merkel, along with a vast majority of her compatriots, believes, "As the first big industrialized nation, we can achieve such a transformation toward efficient and renewable energies, with all the opportunities that brings for exports, developing new technologies and jobs". As of 2014, renewable sources account for 30.8% of the net electricity production (first half-year). Compared to the same period of 2013, energy production from wind, solar and biomass increased by 9.9 TWh, while it decreased from fossil fuels by 14.8 TWh, and remained almost unchanged for nuclear and hydro power.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Renewable energy in Germany」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|